Malnutrition in the elderly: nutritional supplements

Weight loss is not necessarily part of the normal ageing process, but malnutrition is common in the elderly and can cause a loss of independence along with raising the risk of hospitalisation.

In the latest edition of Australian Prescriber, accredited practising dietitian Anne Schneyder writes about the role that real food and nutritional supplements play in improving nourishment in older people at risk of malnutrition.

“Most elderly people eat far less than they did when they were younger, and their energy needs are lower but the requirements for some nutrients like protein, calcium and riboflavin are higher. This means their food has to be more nutritious to meet their needs,” she says.

“For people at risk of malnutrition, using real foods is the first step to improving nutrition.

“Eating small frequent meals and snacks between meals, increasing the nutrient density of meals by adding milk powder, grated cheese, margarine and cream, and having nourishing fluids like milk drinks, smoothies and juice are the main ways to boost protein, energy and nutrients.”

Studies have shown that sensible use of nutritional supplements can also help improve weight, protein and energy intake, and quality of life overall.

“There are a number of supplements to choose from, and the most commonly and readily available are milk based,” says Anne Schneyder.

“Specialised supplements are also available for particular medical conditions such as kidney disease.

“Using nutritional supplements can be a valuable addition to the diet for an older person who is malnourished or at risk, but supplements should not be used on their own. A dietitian can provide a comprehensive assessment and advise on strategies.

“Overall, a good strategy for improving malnourishment in the elderly is about increasing protein and energy intake from food, preserving the enjoyment of food, and importantly, maintaining quality of life,” says the author.

To read the full article and others visit www.australianprescriber.com